Classes in C++ (8 min - medium)

Introduction

1. • • Object oriented programming is a style you can adopt.  Some languages like ____ and _____ are meant to be object oriented.

     • ____ doesn't have classes, but it was added in C++.

Player Example

1. • •  Why  don't we just  make loose variables in our code to represent a player?

     • Syntax:  What do we need after the closing curly brace when defining a type?

     • A variable made from a class type is called an ______.

     • Creating a new ______ of a class it is called instantiation.

     • Why can't we  access  "x" directly via the dot operator?

     • How is the default access level for a class different in C++ relative to Java?
       
       

Moving the Player

1. • •  Cherno writes a move function.  It goes pretty quick - pause it and make sure you understand this.  Why pass by reference?

     • How do you move the function into the player class?

Classes vs. Structs (8 min - medium)

What is the difference?

1. • • What is the default visibility of a class?

     • What is the default visibility of a struct?

     • Are there any other differences between the two?

However...

1. • •  Why do structs exist in C++?

     • The difference comes down to ______.

Cherno's Style Guide

1. • • When does he use structs?

     • Will Cherno use inheritance with structs?  Why or why not?

     • Note: Cherno's guide is a pretty good set of guidelines.  There's no absolute rule in industry on this, but what he's suggesting is pretty conventional.

Topic (11 min - medium)

Introduction

1. • • Why is he writing a logging system as an example class?

     • What are his goals / features he plans to write for the log class?

Code

1. • •  Follow his example

     • What is the purpose of the m_ convention?

     • Why does he have  public written twice?

     • How does the log level system work?

Topic (7 min - easy)

Initialization

1. • •  Define a constructor

     • Entity example

       1. When we instaniate the entity, what values did it have for x and Y?  Why?
          Vocab:  These are called garbage values.

       2. First solution is an "init" method.  What's the problem with this solution?

Using Constructors

1. • •  Follow Cherno's syntax for creating a constructor.  This should look very familiar from Java.

     • What happens if you don't specify a constructor?

     • In Java, primitive types  are automatically initialized and set to zero.  How is this different in C++?

     • Note: Notice that Cherno  doesn't use the new keyword when creating the object.  In C++, you only need to use that when you're manually putting it on the heap.  But when you use new, you'll need to remove it manually too, using a destructor.

Topic (5 min - medium)

Using Destructors

1. • •  Define Destructor

     • What syntax do we use to designate a destructor?

     • In the entity class, we don't need to manually remove the X and Y, since we didn't manually create it using new.

     • Why would you use a destructor?

     • What is a memory leak?  (Google it!)

Topic (8 min - easy)

Introduction

1. • •  What does inheritance allow us to do?

     • Why is this useful?

Entity Example

1. • • Why not just copy the code from Entity into Player?

     • What is the syntax to  make Player a subclass of Entity in C++?

     • Watch his example of inheritance in use.  This should be familiar, it's the same as Java.

     • What is polymorphism?

     • How does Cherno show that  Player is a superset of entity?

Arrays (18 min - medium)

The Basics

1. • • What is an array and why are they useful?

     •  How do you declare an array of 5 integers?
       Notice that this is different from Java!

     • How do you access an element of an array?

     • What happens when you try to output the array itself, rather than an index of the array?

     • How might you cause a MemoryAccessViolation with an array? 

       • Why is this extremely dangerous?

     • How do you use a for loop to go through an entire array?

     • Why  is there a performance hit for using a <= in a for loop?

Memory

1. • • What does Cherno mean when he says that arrays data is stored contiguously?

     • Be  able to describe how indexing works.

     • Note: You won't need to replicate the pointer arithmetic on a quiz, but it's interesting to see the wild stuff you can do in C++ with pointers.
       
       

Arrays on the Heap

1. • •  Cherno creates two arrays:  one on the stack and one on the heap.  Be able to briefly describe the difference in their lifetime.

     • How do you get rid of an array created on the heap?

     • Why would you allocate dynamically using the new keyword?

Standard Array in C++ 11

1. • • Why might someone want to use the "new" std array in C++ 11?

       • Note: C++ 11 came out in 2011.  So it's not that new.

     • What basic feature we take for granted in Java is missing from the default array in C++?

     • How might you try to work around this limitation?

       • Example #1: sizeof

       • Example #2: constant

     • How do you create a std::array?

     • What's Cherno's take on raw arrays vs. std arrays?