Reading

• On pages 339 to 345

• This, alongside the "Data" section, contains most of the totally new information that you'll want to get a handle on.  Take your time with this reading.  It's very short but packed with important stuff.

• If you're reading this section and feel that you aren't quite understanding how all the pieces work together, I highly recommend watching the three Crash Course videos down below.  They'll break down the concepts into three layers.  They have a bit more than the minimum information you'll need for the AP Exam, but for some students this might be really helpful to explore *before* doing the book reading.

Questions

• This section is a lot shorter but highly important, so I'd recommend you complete all of the questions.

• Go back and check your answers 

Crash Course #28 - Computer Networks

• What term describes the time it takes for a message to transfer over a network?

• In what decades did the first computer networks appear?

• What were some of the common advantages to early computer networks within a workplace?

• What does LAN stand for?

• What network system using a cable to connect computers became dominant?

• What is a MAC address, and what does it stand for?

• What term describes the rate at which a carrier can transfer data?

• What problems arise as a result of collisions, and how does ethernet resolve it?

• What is exponential backoff and how does it work?.

• What do we use to split up collision domains?

• What is circuit switching, and why is it problematic?

• What is message switching, and what are its advantages?

• What term describes the number of stops a message takes when travelling?

• What is a packet?

• What is IP?

• What is an IP address?

• Can packets arrive at the destination out of order?  Why does this matter?

• Why was packet switching initially developed?

• What was the world's first packet switch network and the ancestor to the modern internet called?​

Crash Course #29 - The Internet

• What does a WAN stand for?​

• What does ISP stand for?

  • Give an example of an ISP.

• What tool does Crash Course get that console window to display the path their data took across the internet?

• What does UDP stand for?

  • UDP includes a number that helps move the packet to the correct program on a computer.  What is this number called?

  • What special number does a UDP packet include that makes it possible to check if all of the data arrived?

  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of UDP?

• What does TCP stand for?

  • What additional information does a TCP packet contain?

  • After a packet is sent using TCP/IP, what does the sender expect from the receiver?

  • What are the advantages and disadvantages of TCP?

    • What sort of application is this especially problematic for?

• What does DNS stand for?

  • What does DNS do?

  • What are some examples of top level domains?

  • What are some examples of second level domains?

  • What are some examples of subdomains?

Crash Course #30 - The World Wide Web

• What is the difference between the internet and the world wide web?

• What is a hyperlink?

• What does URL stand for?

• What does HTTP stand for?

• What error do you get when a page is not found?

• What does HTML stand for?

• In what year was the world wide web born?

• What was Jerry and David's guide to the world wide web renamed?

• Curated guides like this became unwieldy;  what sort of thing replaced them?

• How did early search engines like jump station order results, and how did people game the system?

• How did google's early algorithm differ from this system, leading to its own success?

  • Note:  Google changed its algorithm in 2007 to prevent an exploit to the system, known as Google Bombing.  It's a pretty fun topic to read up on.

• Define net neutrality

• Define throttled​